Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh
 

ICME09-FM-07

ANALYSIS OF WEIBULL PARAMETERS FOR THE THREE MOST
PROSPECTIVE WIND SIDES OF BANGLADESH

M. M. Alam1, A. K. Azad2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, BUET,
Dhaka, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

The present demand of energy is increasing day by day due to various reasons such as increasing population the aspiration for improved living standards and general economic and industrial growth. In the wake of the increasing world energy crisis, which mostly affected the least developed countries, the interest in alternative energy resources has been increased considerably. In this regard, wind as a source of energy can hold good prospect for a underdeveloped country like Bangladesh. Besides, utilization of wind energy has been growing rapidly in the whole world due to environmental pollution, consumption of the limited fossil fuels and global warming. Bangladesh has fairly wind energy potential, exploitation of the wind energy is still in the crawling level. In the current study, wind characteristics and wind energy potential of (KKK) Kuakata, Kutubdia, and Khagrachari in the Coastal Areas are investigated. First of all the wind data of the coastal areas in Bangladesh from January to December, 2006 is to be collected and sorted in sequence in appropriate frequency. The data are further analyzed and converted into several useful parameters, like daily mean wind speed, monthly mean wind speed, and mean annual wind speed. After that, the velocity frequency bar graph, energy bar graph, velocity duration curve, etc. have been plotted and analyzed. The wind speed data of a location has been fitted to Weibull function to find different parameters for that site. The value of Weibull shape factor (k) and Weibull scale factor (c) have been calculated by different methods and compared and plotted them by employing different methods. Then a Wind Turbine has been designed for an effective location for electricity generation in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Wind Energy, Weibull Distribution, Wind Power, Energy Pattern Method, Standard Deviation Method.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-FM-08

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON FLUID FLOW SEPARATION
CONTROL

Mohammad Mashud, A. Al Bari and T. P. Bhowmick
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Khulna University of Engineering & Technology
Khulna-9203, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

The aim of the research is to control the flow separation of an airfoil by providing a partial bumpy on the upper surface. The presence of friction in the flow causes a shear stress at the surface of the body, which in turn contributes to the aerodynamic drag of the body i.e. skin frictions drag. However, friction also causes another phenomenon called flow separation, which in turn creates another source of aerodynamic drag called pressure drag due to separation. From a fluid dynamist’s point of view, the performance of an aircraft is essentially controlled by the development of the boundary layer on its surface and its interaction with the mean flow. This interaction decides the pressure distribution on the airfoil surface, and subsequently the aerodynamic loads on the wing. In order to obtain the highest levels of performance efficiencies for mission varying aircraft, it is necessary to either: (a) alter the boundary layer behavior over the airfoil surface—flow control methods of interest here, and/or (b) change the geometry of the airfoil real time for changing free stream conditions—adaptive wing technology. Geometry of the airfoil can be changed by providing bumpy on the upper surface. The value of the aerodynamic efficiency needs to be maximum i.e. the lift to the drag ratio needs to the maximization. For this case lift should be high and drag should be low, which increases aircraft efficiency. To investigate the effect of introducing large scale surface roughness through static curvature modifications on the low speed flow over an airfoil, two types model are prepared. One is regular surface model another is bumpy surface model. All the models are prepared by wood and the experiments are conducted using 36×36×100 cm subsonic wind tunnel. . From the experimental investigations it has been observed that the flow separation on the airfoil can be delayed by using the bumpy on the upper surface. Flow separation occurs at 8° angle of attack in the smooth surface. But in bumpy surface it occurs at 14° angle of attack. That indicates the bumpy surface successfully controls the flow separation and increases the lift force of an airfoil.

Keywords: Flow Separation Control, Partial Bumpy surface, Airfoil and Aerodynamics.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-FM-06

THE EFFECT OF GAS FLOW RATE ON DEPOSITION RATE
USING CVD

M A Chowdhury1, D M Nuruzzaman1, M L Rahaman1 and M S Islam2
1Department of Mechanical Engineering
Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh
2Mymensingh Polytechnic Institute, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

Solid thin films have been deposited on stainless steel 314 substrates in a hot filament thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor at different flow rates of natural gas. The variation of thin film deposition rate with the variation of gas flow rate has been investigated experimentally. During experiment, the effect of gap between activation heater and substrate on the deposition rate has also been observed. Results show that deposition rate on SS 314 increases with the increase of gas flow rate. It is also seen that deposition rate increases with the decrease of gap between activation heater and substrate within the observed range. In addition, friction coefficient and wear rate of SS 314 sliding against SS 304 under different normal loads are also investigated before and after deposition. The obtained results reveal that the values of friction coefficient and wear rate are lower after deposition than that of before deposition.

Keywords: Deposition rate, Gas flow rate, CVD.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-FM-05

CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER FROM HEATED OBJECT
IN A SQUARE ENCLOSURE

M. I. Haque,1 and K. A. Hossain,2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

This paper presents, the computational analysis of natural convection heat transfer from a heated object in an square enclosure. The enclosure has two ventilators at the top of the vertical side walls. An isothermally heated object is placed at the middle of the bottom of the container and all walls are assumed to be adiabatic The SUR method is used to solve discritized two dimensional continuity, Navier-Stokes and energy equation on the basis of stream function-vorticity formulation by the finite difference method. Uniform grids are used throughout the computational domain. The fluid flow characteristics and temperature behavior is investigated throughout the enclosure. The fluid from the surrounding entrains into the enclosure and fills up the empty space. Rayleigh numbers in the range from 1.0x102 to 1.0x104 is considered for the investigation. The heating efficiency of the enclosure is increases with the decrease of Rayleigh numbers.

Keywords: Free Convection, Heating efficiency, Enclosure, Recirculation, Separating Stream line.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-FM-04

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FRACTAL TURBULENCE

S.M. Muztaba Salim, F.C.G. Nicolleau , M. Borkowski
University of Sheffield, Dept of mechanical Engineering, UK

ABSTRACT

Fractal turbulence is deemed much more efficient than grid turbulence in terms of the flow mixing
properties. In this paper, we present our hotwire experimental results of fractal turbulence generated by fractal orifice. The self-similar edge characteristic of the fractal orifice is thought to play the vital role in the enhanced mixing properties. We used four fractal orifices, each paired with a smooth orifice of equivalent flow area. The objectives were two folds, the first was to study the fractal scaling influence on the flow and the second was to explore the potential of the fractal orifice flow meter to determine the flow rate in a pipe. The results provided an excellent insight of the fractal generated turbulence and the fractal flow physics. Across the fractal orifice, the pressure drop was lower but the turbulence intensity was higher than those across the paired smooth orifice.

Keywords: Fractal, Turbulence, Hotwire.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-FM-03

STUDY ON REAL GAS FLOWS THROUGH A CRITICAL NOZZLE

Mamun Mohammad1, Junji Nagao2, Shigeru Matsuo3, Tokitada Hashimoto3 and Toshiaki Setoguchi4
1 Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
2 Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Japan
3 Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Saga University, Japan.
4 Institute of Ocean Energy, Saga University, Japan.

ABSTRACT

A critical nozzle is used to measure the mass flow rate of gas. It is well known that the coefficient of
discharge of the flow in a critical nozzle is a single function of the Reynolds number. The purpose of the present study is to investigate high-pressure gas flow of air through a critical nozzle. A computational analysis has been carried out to simulate a critical nozzle flow with real gas effects. A modified Berthelot’s equation of state is incorporated into the axisymmetric, compressible Navier–Stokes equations. The computational results show that the discharge coefficient for ideal gas assumptions is significantly different from those of the real gas, as the Reynolds number exceeds a certain value. It is also known that the real gas effects appear largely in terms of the compressibility factor and the specific heat ratio, and these become more remarkable as the gas pressure increases. Furthermore, the effects of amplitudes and frequencies of the pressure disturbance on the gas flow through a critical nozzle were investigated numerically. 

Keywords: Compressible flow, Critical nozzle, Real gas effects, Discharge coefficient, Simulation.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-FM-02

PREDICTION OF STANDPIPE PRESSURE USING REAL TIME
DATA

Dipankar Chowdhury1, Pål Skalle1 and Mahbubur Rahman2
1Department of Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics,
Norwegian University of Science & Technology, NO- 7491, Trondheim, Norway
2Department of Petroleum and Mineral Resources Engineering,
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

Standpipe pressure (SPP) represents the total frictional pressure drop in the hydraulic circuit used for rotary drilling operation. Conventional approach for SPP calculation is based on a number of simplifying assumptions that cannot be realized in real drilling operation. Hence the conventional approach does not produce SPP estimates with sufficient accuracy. The limitations of conventional approach led to the development of alternative methods for SPP estimation using real time data. In this paper, SPP was estimated by regression models and by instance-based reasoning (IBR) models using real time data collected while drilling a deviated well in the North Sea. These models were developed using mud flow rate and bit measured depth as independent parameters. For the real time data considered in this paper, the IBR models produced much better SPP estimates than the regression models.

Keywords: Standpipe pressure, Regression, Instance-based reasoning, Real time drilling data.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-FM-01

VIRTUAL IMPACTORS: A NOBLE DEVICE TO GENERATE HIGH
CONCENTRATION MONODISPERSE AEROSOLS

M. Shamim Akhter1, M. Ariful Islam2 and M.R. I. Sarker1
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, RUET, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
2Department of Industrial & Production Engineering, RUET, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

A solid or liquid particle suspended in a gas which is usually air is called an aerosol. Dust, fume, smoke, mist, fog, smog, and cloud are all examples of aerosols found in nature. One of the important applications of aerosol technology is the production of monodisperse test aerosols used for aerosol research, calibration, testing and development of air-cleaning and air-sampling equipments and pollution abatement. The characteristics of an ideal aerosol generator are a constant and reproducible generation of mono disperse, stable, uncharged, spherical aerosol particles whose size and concentration can be easily controlled. Atomization produces aerosols with sufficient mass concentration but the generated aerosols are highly polydisperse. Therefore, polydisperse aerosols produced by atomization should be subsequently segregated to narrow size range so as to obtain aerosol appropriate for use as a test aerosol. A monodisperse aerosol is usually defined as one that has a geometric standard deviation of less than 1.2. An aerosol having geometric standard deviation from 1.2 to 1.5 is said to be narrowly distributed. Polydisperse aerosols have geometric standard deviation greater than 2.0. Virtual impactors are widely used in the sampling of particles because they generate high concentration aerosols. This technology is new in Bangladesh. This paper describes the technical aspects of virtual impactor so as to introduce the reader with this new technology. Results of experimental studies performed with an improved virtual impactor have also been described. It was possible to generate narrowly distributed aerosols with the improved virtual impactor employed. 

Keywords: Aerosols, Virtual impactors, Monodisperse.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-32

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR TEMPERATURE ASSESSMENT OF
THE IRRADIATED TEO2 POWDER IN THE DRY CENTRAL
THIMBLE OF THE 3MW TRIGA MARK-II RESEARCH REACTOR

M.S.Islam1, S.B.Samee2, M.M.Uddin1 and M.Mamun2
1Reactor Operation and Maintenance Unit, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Ganakbari, Savar, ,
Dhaka, Bangladesh
2 Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

Temperature assessment during irradiation of 50g TeO2 powder in a sealed quartz vial holding with aluminum specimen container (Al-Can) in the dry central thimble (DCT) of the reactor core is performed numerically using a CFD tool. The reactor power is considered full power at 3MW(th). The geometrical configuration of the DCT is; length = 8 m, I.D = 33.88 mm and O.D = 38.1 mm and there is like a dog-leg bend. The length of the quartz vial as well as Al-Can are 75.2 and 95.1 mm, respectively. The gap between the quartz vial and Al-Can, Al-Can and DCT are 0.92 and 4.49 mm, respectively and there is air in the gaps. A 2D and 3D model geometry of the DCT with a narrow gap between quartz vial and Al-Can (0.92 mm) and Al-Can and DCT (4.49mm) is generated by simulating the existing cooling capacity of the DCT. The laminar viscous model and the turbulent RNG k−∈ model are applied for the 2D and 3D models. Radiative heat transfer was modeled using S2S model for the 2D case provided with no hole on the surface of the Al-Can and DTRM is used for the 3D case provided with several holes on the surface of the Al-Can. It has found that the highest centerline temperature of TeO2 powder is found in the laminar viscous model of the existing cooling geometry which is about 662 0C when no hole is present on the surface of the Al-Can. On the other hand, RNG k−∈ model shows a maximum centerline temperature of 658 0C under the same condition. However, no significant difference has found in temperature distribution between the laminar viscous and the turbulent RNG k−∈ model. In the 3D modeling, when several holes present on the surface of the Al-Can under the same condition, it has found that the centerline temperature along with temperature at different zones decreases considerably. This is because of the more favorable heat transfer atmosphere than the sealed Al-Can (without hole). The detailed numerical analyses under different cases along with experiments under the same cases may really provide a better cooling technique for the DCT of the reactor which consequently does help increasing the I-131 production and other related R&D activities with assured safety of the reactor operation.

Keywords: Temperature assessment, Irradiation, Numerical analysis, Safety, Reactor Operation.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-31

CARBON STEEL QUENCHING AND MAXIMUM HEAT FLUX
WITH WATER JET IMPINGEMENT

A. K. Mozumder1, M. Ahmed1 and M. Monde2
1Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Bangladesh University of Engg. & Tech. Dhaka, Bangladesh
2Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan

ABSTRACT

An experimental investigation of jet impingement quenching has been performed for three different block materials copper, brass and steel with jet velocities of 3-15 m/s, jet subcoolings of 5-80K and initial block temperatures of 250-600 ºC. The present study has focused to investigate the characteristics of quenching for carbon steel only. The effect of experimental parameters on the maximum heat flux (the maximum value of heat flux from the solid and carried out by the liquid) was investigated in the present study. The value of maximum heat flux increases with the jet velocity and also with liquid subcooling. The maximum heat flux is also found to be almost independent of block initial temperature. A correlation of maximum heat flux for carbon steel together with the dominating parameters is proposed here which well agrees with the experimental data.

Keywords: Quenching, Jet Impingement, Heat Flux

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-30

PRODUCTION AND PERFORMANCE OF BIODIESEL AS AN
ALTERNATIVE FUEL FOR DIESEL ENGINE

A. Forhad , A. R. Rowshan, M. A. Habib, M. A. Islam
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology,
Dhaka, Bangladesh.

ABSTRACT

The increasing demand for fossil fuel can be reduced by introducing renewable and environment friendly bio-fuels, obtained from different vegetable oils. In this study, Soybean oil is used for the production of “bio-diesel” through “Transesterification” reaction. Refined vegetable oil like soybean oil contains less than 0.005% free fatty acid which is very effective for bio-diesel production. Thermo-physical properties of bio-diesel are determined and compared with those of conventional diesel. The density and viscosity of bio-diesel are found higher than diesel, which is considered as the main obstacle for using it directly as CI engine fuel. It can be overcome by preheating. In the present study, preheating technique is employed to the biodiesel blends and their effects on engine performance is investigated on an unmodified direct injection 4 stroke single cylinder engine at different load conditions with rated rpm. Specific fuel consumption increases with the increase of percentage of bio-diesel in the blends at 85ºC preheat temperature. Emission quality of the exhaust gas is tested by using IMR2800P Gas Analyzer. CO2 emission rate shows a decreasing trend with increase of bio-diesel percentage. Unburned O2, excess air, NOx emission also follows the same trend. Technically diesel fuel can be replaced with preheated bio-diesel but the major obstacle is the high cost of Soybean oil relative to diesel fuel.

Keywords: Biodiesel, Transestarification, Diesel Engine, Preheating, Performance, Emission Quality.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-29

PERFORMANCE OF A BIOGAS RUN STIRLING GENERATOR

M. Shahzada Chowdhury1 and Md. Ehsan2
1Central Locomotive Workshop, Parbatipur, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology.
Dhaka, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

New technologies for harnessing power and heat from biomass are being developed to widen such applications. Multi-fuel capabilities, continuous combustion, improved torque and emission characteristics and better part load efficiency are advantages of a Stirling cycle engine. By factoring in the pollution-related environmental and social costs associated with fossil and nuclear fuels, bio electricity is becoming a competitive energy alternative. A Stirling generator developed by DEKA Research and Development Corp., USA was studied to for small scale (1 kW DC) electricity production using bio gas fuel. The project was situated in Manikganj in Bangladesh. Biogas produced from a fixed-dome digester was used as fuel for the Stirling-generator charged with Helium as working fluid. The study focused on performance parameters such as: air-fuel ratio, brake specific fuel consumption, overall efficiency, re-generator heat input, different temperatures, engine speed, and exhaust emissions – at different power levels. The study revealed that the generator performed most efficiently at about 60-70% of the maximum rated load. The overall efficiency ranged 14-24%, which was higher compared to typical petrol engine generators used in small scale power generation. The temperature attained in the hot end was reasonable, although it showed some drop in internal fluid pressure with time, indicating need of improvements in seal durability.

Keywords: Stirling-Generator, Stirling Engine, Small Scale Power Generation, Bio-gas, Alternative fuel.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH- 28

MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE PARTICULATE MATTER
SAMPLED FROM THE EXHAUST OF A DIESEL ENGINE IN
DIESEL AND DUAL FUEL MODES

Nirendra N Mustafi1, Robert R Raine2
1Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engg. and Tech., Rajshahi, Bangladesh
2Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

ABSTRACT

The particulate matter (PM) of a diesel engine operated on diesel and dual fuel modes are sampled and characterized by size, morphology and fractal geometry by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The gaseous fuels used are natural gas and synthetic biogas. The engine operating condition is kept the same to compare the results between diesel and dual fuel PM. SEM images yield PM agglomerate number size distributions and a shape description. TEM images provide the primary particles size distribution in PM agglomerates and the fractal dimensions. Long chainlike PM agglomerates appear for the diesel PM, whereas those for dual fueling are found to be smaller and rounder. All of the measured PM appear to have a bi-modal number size distribution. The average primary particle diameter increases for dual fuel PM (ranging from 26.9 to 29.5 nm) compared to diesel PM (26.4 nm). The average primary particle diameter tends to increase for biogas fueling. Higher fractal dimensions (from 1.73 to 1.88) are obtained for dual fuel PM compared to diesel PM (1.69) implying that diesel PM are more chainlike and elongated. Based on the obtained results, a conceptual model is constructed to understand the phenomena of PM formation for the two types of engine fueling.

Keywords: Dual Fuel Engine, Particulate Matter, Morphology.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-27

WASTE VEGETABLE OIL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL FOR
DIESEL ENGINE

Soma Chakraborty 1, Amit Adhikary 2 and M. Al Nur 3
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, DUET, Gazipur-1700, Bangladesh,
2 Dhaka Power Distribution Company Limited and
3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, BUET, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

Vegetable oils are emerging as promising fuel substitute to the conventional petroleum fuels from the view point of the energy crisis and emission problem. In this experiment waste vegetable oil is used as alternative fuel. Waste vegetable oil is used because it loose quality after being burnt several time. The waste vegetable oil’s volatility and heat content is found to be lower but density and viscosity to be higher. Viscosity is considered as the main obstacles of using them directly as CI engine fuel. In the present study waste vegetable oil is preheated and blended with 20% diesel fuel and their effects on engine performance is investigated on a direct injection, 4 stroke, single cylinder diesel engine. Engine performance has been evaluated with the help of both conventional performance parameters and availability analysis. It is observed that the engine exhibits better results for higher preheating temperature and performance parameters become comparable with that of diesel when the preheating temperature reaches 80oC. The performance parameters of the blend preheated to 100oC become very close to that of diesel fuel. Energy analysis shows similar result. Major portion of the fuel chemical availability is wasted in unaccounted factors and nearly 15% wasted with the exhaust gas which can be directly used for preheating.

Keywords: Waste vegetable oil, Engine performance, Energy analysis.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-26

NON-CONVENTIONAL USE OF SMALL DIESEL ENGINES: CASE
STUDIES

Md. Ehsan1, M. N. Ibne Kabir2, Sumon Reza2, and M Shahnaz Sultana2
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh
2Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIST, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

Small diesel engines are widely used for producing mechanical or electrical power all over Bangladesh. Apart from conventional use in irrigation, electrical power generation and river transportation, such engines are now having many alternative applications. Because of their huge number they constitute a significant proportion of the consumption of diesel fuel, which needs to be imported. With increasing living costs, the cost of human work force is rising and that has recently opened up some new fields of application of such engines in Bangladesh. Since there is almost no reported formal study of such uses, three such fields have been case studied. These include – Brick-Crushing, Concrete-Mixing and Sugarcane Processing. A number of samples in each category were studied, which included – the engine specification, drive arrangement of the hardware, fuel consumption rate and system transportability. The maximum torque requirement was investigated against the engine capacity. The capital, running and maintenance cost have been analyzed to estimate the economic feasibility of such applications. The sensitivity of prime parameters, on the economic feasibility of replacing each human powered system, have been characterized.

Keywords: Diesel Engines, Non-Conventional Use, Alternative Use, Human Powered Systems.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-25

NUMERICAL STUDY OF A TWO-STAGE ADSORPITON
CHILLER EMPLOYING RE-HEAT SCHEME WITH
DIFFERENT MASS RATIOS

M. Z. I. Khan1, SK. Farid2, S. Sultana3
1Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Bangladesh
2Mirpur Girls’Ideal Laboratory Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
3Stamford University, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

This paper deals with the performance investigation of a silica gel/ water-based two-stage adsorption chiller employing re-heat scheme with different mass ratios and compared with that of the two-stage conventional chiller with re-heat scheme using equal mass allocation (upper bed : lower bed = 1:1). The performance of a two-stage adsorption chiller using re-heat scheme with different mass allocation between upper and lower beds have been investigated numerically. Results show that cooling capacity can be improved with the optimum allocation of adsorbent mass to the upper beds than that of lower beds. The improvement in Co-efficient of Performance (COP) values, however, is less significant. It is also seen that the improvement in cooling capacity is more significant for the relatively higher heat source temperature. It is shown that the cooling capacity can be improved up to 8% if the heat source temperature is 80°C.

Keyword: Adsorption Cycle, Two-Stage Chiller, Re-Heat, Silica Gel, Water

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-24

THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF PARALLEL MINIATURE HEAT
PIPE SYSTEM

C. M. Feroz, M. Mamunur Rahman, Md. Hasibul Alam, and Auvi Biswas
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

The experimental analysis presented here is based on the heat transfer performance of parallel miniature heat pipe (mHP) system intended for desktop computer processor cooling. The system consists of six single copper tube mHPs slotted into two copper blocks at the evaporator section and fifteen parallel copper sheets at the condenser section. Stainless steel wicks are inserted inside the copper tubes, while methanol and iso-propanol serves solely as working fluids. Heat transfer characteristics of mHPs are determined by conducting the experiment at various levels of heat inputs and analyzed to evaluate the performance. The overall heat transfer coefficient of the system is determined as a performance parameter. The results show that, the behavior of the heat pipe varies significantly for different heat inputs and different working fluids.

Keywords: Parallel Miniature Heat Pipes, Heat Flux, Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient, Working Fluids.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-23

STEADY-STATE SOLUTIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
FLOW FROM A VERTICAL POROUS PLATE WITH THERMAL
DIFFUSION AND INDUCED MAGNETIC FIELD

M. Mohidul Haque and M. Mahmud Alam
Mathematics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

The unsteady MHD heat and mass transfer flow past a moving semi-infinite vertical porous plate with thermal diffusion has been investigated numerically taking into account the induced magnetic field. The steady-state numerical solutions for the velocity field, induced magnetic field, temperature distribution and concentration distribution are obtained by the explicit finite difference method. The local and average shear stress, current density, Nusselt number as well as Sherwood number are also calculated. The obtained results have been shown graphically. Also the stability and convergence of the explicit finite difference scheme are established. Finally, the comparison of the present results with both analytical and numerical solutions is presented in tabular form.

Keywords: MHD, Thermal Diffusion, Induced Magnetic Field, Finite Difference Method.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-22

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF HEAT TRANSFER
CHARACTERISTICS OF CYLINDRICAL FIN WITH
DIFFERENT GROOVES

Mohammad Mashud, Md. Shariful Islam, Z. Rahman Arani and Afsanul Tanveer
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

An experimental study was performed to provide information about the effect of pressure reduction on heat loss from cylindrical fins of three different geometries. A literature review shows that much of work on radiating fins has been carried out analytically and numerically. In this research, a solid cylindrical fin and two other cylindrical fins with circular grooves and threads on their outside surface are investigated experimentally. A test facility with a pressure reduction chamber and instrumentation is fabricated. The heat input to the fin is varied such that the base temperature is maintained constant under steady state. Based on a study of effect of pressure reduction, using available resources, the chamber is designed for a vacuum of 680 mm Hg. The experimental result shows that for cylindrical fin with circular grooves (depth 3.5mm) heat loss is a maximum. The grooved cylindrical fin loses approximately1.23 times greater heat per unit area, compared to the threaded cylindrical fin, and 2.17 times greater heat per unit area, respectively compared to the solid pin fin at a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure. As pressure decreases heat loss reduces and contribution of radiation heat transfer on total heat loss increases.

Keywords: Cylindrical Fin, Grooves, Heat Transfer and Pressure Reduction.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-21

EFFECT OF CONDUCTION ON COMBINED FREE AND FORCED
CONVECTION IN A VENTILATED CAVITY WITH A
HEAT-GENERATING SOLID CIRCULAR BODY

M. A. H. Mamun1, M. M. Rahman2, and Shuichi Nagata1
1Institute of Ocean Energy, Saga University, Japan
2Department of Mathematics, BUET, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

Numerical simulations of the effect of conduction on combined free and forced convection (mixed convection) heat transfer and fluid flow have been performed in a 2-D ventilated cavity with a finite size and finite conductivity solid circular body. The wall of the cavity is assumed to be adiabatic. Flows are imposed at the bottom of the left wall and exit at the top of the right wall of the cavity. The heat generating body is placed at the center of the cavity. The present study simulates a practical system such as air-cooled electronic equipment with a heat component. The developed mathematical model is governed by the coupled equations of mass, momentum and energy and is solved by employing Galerkin weighted residual finite element method. The computation is carried out for wide ranges of Reynolds number, Richardson number. Various results such as the streamlines, isotherms, heat transfer rates in terms of the average Nusselt number and average fluid temperature in the cavity are presented for different parameters. The results indicate that both flow field and temperature distribution strongly depend on Reynolds number, Richardson number. It is also observed that the mentioned parameters have significant effect on average Nusselt number at the heated surface and average fluid temperature in the cavity.

Keywords: Solid Circular Body, Ventilated Cavity, Mixed Convection And Finite Element Method.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-20

THE ROLE OF TRANSESTERIFICATION PERIOD ON THE
EFFECT OF ENGINE PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS USING
SOYBEAN BIODIESEL AND DIESEL BLENDS

Swarup Paul1, P.K. Bose2 and Bijan Sarkar3
1Production Engineering Department NIT Agartala, India, 2Director, NIT Agartala, India
3Production Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India

ABSTRACT

Gradual depletion of fossil fuel and their harmful combustion effects are compelling to use now-a-days Biodiesel in engines. Transesterification is a method which is used for production of Biodiesel through removal of fatty acid vegetable oil. This Biodiesel can be used as engine fuel mixing with pure diesel with various proportions. In the present work, four types of Soybean Biodiesel have been made just by varying transesterification period. The transesterification periods are 30mins, 60 mins, 90mins and 120 mins respectively. Twenty percent of each type of Soybean Biodiesel is mixed with eighty percent mineral diesel to make B20 fuel. Now these four types of B20 fuels have been used to run the engine. The engine performance parameters viz. Brake power (BP), Specific fuel consumption (SFC) and RPM is tabulated against various load conditions of engine like 0%, 20%, 40%, 50% 80% and 100%. From the experimental observations, nature of each parameter is represented graphically to show which B20 fuel gives the best result. The statistical Analysis by two-way classification (Randomized Block Design) is done to determinewhether Variation of Transesterification period is significant on the engine performance parameters.

Keywords : Transesterification, Biodiesel, Engine Performance, Randomized Block Design.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-19

GENERATION OF BIOGAS FROM ANEROBIC DIGESTION OF
VEGETABLE WASTE

M. Islam, B. Salam and A. Mohajan
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Chittagong, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

Biogas, a renewable form of energy, could be a very well substitute of natural gas which is depleting very fast. A research work was conducted to investigate the production ability of biogas from vegetable waste. Five laboratory scale digesters were made to experiment the effect of co-digestion of vegetable waste and cow-dung in various proportions. The digesters were made of plastic container of four litre capacity each. Vegetable waste was used from 200 gm to 300 gm, and cow-dung was used from 0 gm to 300 gm to make vegetable waste to cow dung ratios from 1:0 to 1:1.5. From 2 to 3 mm sized vegetable waste was used in the experiment. The digester was feed on batch mode and operated at ambient temperature for about 15 days. In the slurry, total solid concentration was maintained 8% by mass for all of the observations. The maximum amount of biogas was yield 1200 ml/Kg of wastes at the vegetable waste and cow dung ratio 1:1.

Key words: Anaerobic Digestion, Biogas, Vegetable Waste, Cow Dung.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-18

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF A HEAT PIPE FOR
DIFFERENT WORKING FLUIDS AND FILL RATIOS

A. Kumar Mozumder, A. Fahad Akon and M. S. Hasib Chowdhury
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology,
Dhaka, Bangladesh.

ABSTRACT

During last thirty years, component density on integrated circuits has grown from about six thousand on the Intel 8080 microprocessor to over five million transistors on a similar-sized Intel microprocessor. Power and component densities on these integrated circuits have required the development of innovative cooling methods. Miniature heat pipes appear promising for use in microelectronics cooling. The heat pipe though has a wide application; the information available towards the development of an efficient heat pipe is seldom seen in the open literature. In the present study, investigations are carried out for optimizing the fluid inventory in a typical heat pipe. A “flooded” (with exceedingly large amount of working fluid) heat pipe has slow response and has limited lower range of operation in terms of operating temperature. On the other hand, “starving” (with too little amount of working fluid) heat pipe although Exhibits fast response to heat loads, shows severe limit at high temperature conditions. In the present study, an attempt is made to design, fabricate and test a miniature heat pipe with 5 mm diameter and 150 mm length with a thermal capacity of 10 W. Experiments were conducted with and without working fluid for different thermal loads to assess the performance of heat pipe. The working fluids chosen for the study were same as those commonly used namely, water, methanol and acetone. The temperature distribution across the heat pipe was measured and recorded using thermocouples. The performance of the heat pipe was quantified in terms of thermal resistance and overall heat transfer coefficient. The amount of liquid filled was varied and the variation of the performance parameters for varying liquid inventory is observed. Finally, optimum liquid fill ratio is identified in terms of lower temperature difference and thermal resistance and higher heat transfer coefficient. The data reported in this study will serve as a good database for the researchers in this field. Overall heat transfer coefficient of the Miniature heat pipe is found to be the maximum for the Acetone as working fluid.

Keywords: Miniature Heat Pipe, Working Fluid Inventory

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-17

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF SESSILE DROP
EVAPORATION AND ITS RELATION WITH LEIDENFROST
TEMPERATURE

A.K. Mozumder, M.R. Ullah and A. Hossain
Department of Mechanical Engg, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)
Dhaka, Bangladesh.

ABSTRACT

This study experimentally investigates the evaporation of sessile drop for four different heated surfaces of Aluminum, Brass, Copper and Mild steel with a combination of four different liquids as Methanol, Ethanol, Water and NaCl solution. The metallic surfaces were polished with a zero grade emery paper and are electrically heated upto temperatures varied from 100 to 400 oC with an increment of 25 oC. The time of evaporation for the droplet on the hot metallic surface was measured. According to the experimental data, the Leidentfrost temperature is within a range of 150 to 200 oC for all the experimental conditions. Sessile drop evaporation time is the maximum for water, then decreases gradually for Nacl solution, Methanol and is the minimum for ethanol for a particular solid material. On the other hand, this time is the highest for copper and the lowest for mild steel for a specific liquid.

Keywords: Evaporation, Sessile Drop, Conduction.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26-28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-16

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MECHANISTIC PARACHOR
MODEL OVER PARACHOR MODEL IN A MULTI-COMPONENT
HYDROCARBON SYSTEM

Mohammad Marufuzzaman1, Amr Henni1, Azizur Rahman2
1Industrial Systems Engineering (ISE), University of Regina, Canada
2Industrial Engineering and Management (IEM), Khulna University of Engineering and Technology
(KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

Interfacial tension is an important property for many processes such as enhanced oil recovery by gas injection and flow through porous media, and in mass and heat transfer applications. The objective of this study is to study four prevalent interfacial tension models along with their governing mechanisms. Also, Mechanistic Parachor model has been studied in comparison with Parachor Model. The trait of the Mechanistic Parachor model is that it considers the mass transfer mechanism responsible for attaining the thermodynamic fluid phase equilibria in multi component hydrocarbon systems, while the other three IFT models doesn’t consider the effect. The Mechanistic Parachor model has been tested on Rainbow Keg River (RKR) crude oil-gas systems and showed better IFT prediction over the conventional Parachor model.

Key words: Interfacial Tension, Parachor Model, Mechanistic Parachor Model, Gradient Theory.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-15

ENERGY EXTRACTION FROM CONVENTIONAL BRAKING
SYSTEM OF AUTOMOBILE

Aktaruzzaman and Mohammad Ali
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology
Dhaka, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

Optimization of power consumption is an important subject in the design of automobile. The conventional braking (friction brake) system losses considerable amount of energy during car drive. A model of braking system is designed and constructed to extract and store energy during the braking of a car. Gaseous fluid is compressed in cylinder by a high pressure liquid to store the energy of brake. A positive displacement pump driven by the extraction of energy from break is used to supply the high pressure liquid. During braking the pump is clutched with the power train of the car. The pump utilizes the inertia energy of the car to compress the gaseous fluid. This stored energy can be used to enhance the acceleration of car and to run other accessories of the car. A performance test of the brake model is conducted and can be found that, during brake approximately 60% of inertia energy can be saved.

Keywords: Braking System, Inertia Energy Conservation, Compressible Fluid, Friction Brake.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-14

OPERATIONAL AND PRESSURE CHARACTERISTICS OF A
THERMOLOOP DEVICE

ABSTRACT

Thermoloop, a particular kind of two phase pulsated thermosyphon (PTPT) is passive cooling device which can meet high heat flux dissipation requirements. This paper gives emphasis on the analysis of working phenomena and operational characteristics of this device. The PTPT comprises of three components; evaporator, condenser and reservoir connected by flexible tubing. Experiments were carried out for different working fluids and thermal loads for a specific geometry of the device. During each experiment the temperature of the components at different points and pressure at evaporator were measured at steady state condition. Neither mechanical pump nor gravity force is used to assist the flow. Only natural convection was allowed for condensation. It is realized that, the variation of pressure drives the working fluid through the system components. Development of vacuum pressure due to condensation plays key role to refill the evaporator with fresh liquid at the end of each cycle. For a particular working fluid the cycle duration decreases with thermal load but, the ΔTsat, maximum evaporator wall temperature, and maximum cycle pressure increases. The condensate return temperature and maximum vacuum pressure increases slightly with thermal load. The operating cycle can be described by three regions viz. constant volume heat addition, vapor transfer and condensate return region.

Keywords: Thermoloop, Evaporator Pressure Drop, Cycle Time.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-13

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF AN OPEN LOOP CLOSED
END PULSATING HEAT PIPE

Tahanee Mujib, Fahim Ahmed and Chowdhury Md. Feroz
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka,
Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

This paper presents an experimental study of an open loop pulsating heat pipe (OLPHP) of 0.9 mm inner diameter. The performance characterization has been done for two working fluids at vertical and horizontal orientations. Water and Acetone are employed as the working fluid with 50% fill ratio. The experimental results indicate a strong influence of gravity and thermo physical properties of the working fluids on the performance of OLPHP. Regarding the working fluids, Water has performed better in both vertical and horizontal orientation as lower evaporation temperature has been achieved at all heat loads. Both working fluids perform better at horizontal orientation. OLPHP of 0.9 mm ID in this experiment shows better thermal performance as compared with experimental results of Roger R. Reihl [1] performed with OLPHP of 1.5 mm ID.

Keywords: Pulsating Heat Pipe, Inclination Angles, Pulsating Action, Diametrical Effect

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-12

INFLUENCE OF ENGINE SPEED ON HEAT TRANSFER
CHARACTERISTICS OF PORT INJECTION HYDROGEN
FUELED ENGINE

M. M. Rahman, Khalaf I. Hamada, M.M. Noor and K. Kadirgama
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang , Pahang, Malaysia

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the numerical investigation of the in-cylinder heat transfer characteristics of port injection hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine. One dimensional gas dynamics was described the flow and heat transfer in the components of the engine model. Special attention is paid to selection and correction of heat transfer which describe of in-cylinder heat transfer to coincide with the practical observations. Engine speed varied from 2000 rpm to 5000 rpm with increment of 500 rpm. The difference between hydrogen and methane revealed in terms of heat transfer rate and the percentage of heat transfer from the total fuel energy are investigated. The acquired results show that hydrogen fueled engine has a higher heat transfer rate with methane because of hydrogen fuel has higher heating value, faster flame speed and small quenching distance. Instantaneous results reveal that the normalized apparent and cumulative heat release is affected by engine speed. The heat transfer rate and coefficient are also affected with engine speed. Beside that the steady state results are presented by examining the dependency of average heat transfer rate and the percentage ratio of heat transfer to the total fuel energy on the engine speed.

Keywords: Hydrogen Fuel, Heat Transfer, In-cylinder, Port Injection, Engine Speed.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-11

MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC (MHD)-CONJUGATE FREE
CONVECTION FLOW FROM AN ISOTHERMAL HORIZONTAL
CIRCULAR CYLINDER WITH JOULE HEATING EFFECT

M. A. Azim1, S. Binte Mahtab2, M. K. Chowdhury3
1School of Business studies, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
2Department of Water Resources Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology,
Dhaka, Bangladesh
3Department of Mathematics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)-conjugate natural convection flow along the outer surface from the lower stagnation point to the upper stagnation point and from an isothermal horizontal circular cylinder considering Joule heating effect is investigated. The developed governing equations with the associated boundary conditions for this analysis are transferred to dimensionless forms using a suitable transformation. The transformed non-dimensional governing equations are then solved using the implicit finite difference method with Keller box-scheme. Numerical results are found for different values of the Joule heating parameter, Magnetic parameter and Prandtl number. Detail results of the velocity profiles, temperature distributions, the skin friction and the rate of heat transfer are shown graphically.

Keywords: Natural Convection, Horizontal Cylinder, Magneto Hydrodynamic, Joule Heating, Conduction.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-10

MIXED CONVECTION ANALYSIS IN A LID DRIVEN
TRAPEZOIDAL CAVITY WITH ISOTHERMAL HEATING AT
BOTTOM FOR VARIOUS ASPECT ANGLES

Md. N. H. Khan Chowdhury1, Sumon Saha2 and Md. A. Hasan Mamun1
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology
(BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh
2Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria , Australia

ABSTRACT

Mixed convection heat transfer in a two-dimensional trapezoidal cavity has been investigated with a locally heated lower wall and moving cold top lid. The enclosure represents a practical system where the space requirement is very important factor for efficient electronic cooling system. The numerical study is conducted for several values of aspect angle of the cavity and a range of Richardson numbers with constant Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. The influence of Richardson number on average Nusselt number is investigated for various aspect angles. Results are represented in the form of isotherms and streamlines under different conditions. The solution procedure is conducted using the Galerkin finite element method.

Keywords: Mixed Convection, Richardson Number, Aspect Angle, Finite Element Method.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-09

NATURAL CONVECTION FLOW ALONG THE WAVY CONE IN
CASE OF UNIFORM SURFACE HEAT FLUX WHERE VISCOSITY
IS INVERSLY PROPORTIONAL TO TEMPERATURE

Azad Rahman1, Sharaban Thohura1, M.M.A. Sarker2, M. Mamun Molla3
1Department of Natural Science, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
2Department of Mathematics, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
3Dept. of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, University of Manitoba, Canada

ABSTRACT

The effect of temperature dependent viscosity μ(T), on steady two dimensional natural convection flow along a vertical wavy cone with uniform surface heat flux has been investigated. Viscosity is considered to be inversely proportional to temperature. Using the appropriate variables the basic equations are transformed to non-dimensional boundary layer equations and then solved numerically employing implicit finite difference method. The effects viscosity variation parameter on the velocity profile, temperature profile, velocity vector field, skin friction, average Nusselt number, streamlines and isotherm have been discussed. The results have been shown graphically by utilizing the visualizing software Techplot. The present numerical result shows excellent agreement with the published results when the effect of temperature dependent viscosity was passed over.

Keywords: Natural convection, wavy cone, viscosity variation parameter

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-08

INTELLIGENT AIR-CUSHION SYSTEM OF SWAMP PEAT
VEHICLE CONTROL: FUZZY LOGIC TECHNIQUE

A. Hossain1, A. Rahman2, A.K.M. Mohiuddin2
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Industry Selangor,
,Batang Berjuntai, Selangor, Malaysia
2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University
Malaysia

ABSTRACT

This paper describes the fuzzy logic to control the intelligent air-cushion system of swamp peat vehicle. Focusing on optimizing the total power consumption of the vehicle, two main issues were studied in this paper. First, a theoretical model is developed to minimize total power consumption of the vehicle. Second, a control scheme is proposed to achieve the control targets and to minimize the power consumption by using a fuzzy logic controller. Compared with traditional approach, fuzzy logic approach is more efficient for the representation, manipulation and utilization. Therefore, the primary purpose of this work was to investigate the relationship between total power consumption, clearance height and cushion pressure, and to illustrate how fuzzy logic technique might play an important role in prediction of total power consumption. All experimental values were collected from the field test using a developed prototype hybrid electrical air-cushion tracked vehicle.

Keywords: Swamp Peat, Power Consumption, Fuzzy Logic, Cushion Pressure.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-07

DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND PERFORMANCE TEST OF A
SYNCHRONIZED MULTI-SPARK MODULE FOR ELECTRONIC
IGNITION DEVICE

Mohammad Mashud, M. Mostafizur Rahman and S. Hossain Khan
Department of Mechanical Engineering Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna

ABSTRACT

Synchronized multi spark module can be used for minimizing fuel loss at the starting of engine. The objective of this project was to design, construction & performance test of a synchronized multi spark module. Multi spark module is very useful at low rpm& low temperature range. Due to voltage fluctuation the pulse width of the module will be vary. Breaker point is opening & creating pulses. These pulses go to shaping block, which producing pulse according to engine speed. Clock generator which Produces 2ms pulse, When p2 (gate) is opened then the counter receive pulse s of 1 ms from clock generator .Then it goes 0R Gate that will generate a series of spark.

Keywords: Multi-Spark Module, Electronic Ignition Device , Internal Combustion Engine.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-06

BIODIESEL FROM JATROPHA OIL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL
FOR DIESEL ENGINE

Mohammad Mashud, M. Hasan Ali, Md. Roknuzzaman and Asadullah Al Galib
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Khulna University of Engineering and Technology , Bangladesh.

ABSTRACT

The world is getting modernized and industrialized day by day. As a result vehicles and engines are increasing. But energy sources used in these engines are limited and decreasing gradually. This situation leads to seek an alternative fuel for diesel engine. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engine. The esters of vegetables oil animal fats are known as Biodiesel. This paper investigates the prospect of making of biodiesel from jatropha oil. Jatropha curcas is a renewable non-edible plant. Jatropha is a wildly growing hardy plant in arid and semi-arid regions of the country on degraded soils having low fertility and moisture. The seeds of Jatropha contain 50-60% oil. In this study the oil has been converted to biodiesel by the well-known transesterification process and used it to diesel engine for performance evaluation.

Keywords: Bio-diesel, Jatropha Oil and Trans-esterification Process.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-05

LARGE SCALE THERMAL-SOLID COUPLING ANALYSIS USING
INEXACT BALANCING DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION

A. M. Mohammad Mukaddes1 and Ryuji Shioya2
1Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Shah Jalal University of Science and
Technology, Bangladesh,
2Faculty of Information Science and Arts, Toyo University, Japan

ABSTRACT

In this research, a system of thermal-solid coupling analysis is developed with the implementation of Inexact Balancing Domain Decomposition with a diagonal scaling (IBDD-DIAG) in both thermal and solid analysis. The IBDD-DIAG is an improved version of Balancing Domain Decomposition (BDD), where an incomplete factorization based parallel direct method is employed to solve a coarse space problem, and the diagonal-scaling is employed to precondition local fine space problems instead of the Neumann-Neumann preconditioner. The developed system performed heat conductive analysis to have temperature distributions in solid models and then performed the structural analysis to see deformation or expansion due to temperature differences. Both of the analyses employed the Hierarchical Domain Decomposition Method (HDDM) with parallel IBDD-DIAG. It is shown that the iterative procedure converges rapidly and the convergence is independent of the number of subdomains, namely, numerical scalability is satisfied. The present system is implemented on massively parallel processors and succeeds in solving a thermal-solid coupling problem of 12 millions of nodes.

Keywords: Finite element analysis, coupling problems, Incomplete Balancing Domain Decomposition

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-04

ROLE OF OXYGENATED FUEL TO REDUCE DIESEL
EMISSIONS: A REVIEW

M. Nurun Nabi1, Dhandapani Kannan, J. Einar Hustad1 and M. Mustafizur Rahman2
1Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NORWAY
2Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology (RUET), BANGLADESH

ABSTRACT

Particulate matter (PM) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx emissions) are the two important harmful emissions in diesel engine. Fuel companies and the researchers around the world are devoted to reduce such emissions with different ways. Fuel modification, modification of combustion chamber design and exhaust after treatment are the important means to alleviate such emissions. In this context, engine researchers are hunting suitable alternative fuels for diesel engine. Among different alternative fuels, oxygenated fuel is a kind of alternative fuel. Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM), dimethoxy methane (DMM), dimethyl ether (DME), diethyl ether (DEE), methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), dibutyl ether (DBE), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), methanol and ethanol have played their role to reduce diesel emissions. These fuels can either be used as a blend with conventional diesel fuel or as a neat fuel. The presence of oxygen in the fuel molecular structure plays an important role to reduce PM and other harmful emissions from diesel engine. The present work reports on the effect of oxygenated fuel on diesel combustion and exhaust emissions. It has been found that the exhaust emissions including PM, total unburnt hydrocarbon (THC), carbon monoxide (CO), smoke and engine noise were reduced with oxygenated fuels. NOx emissions were reduced in some cases were increased depending on the engine operating conditions. The reductions of the emissions were entirely depended on the oxygen content of the fuel. It has been reported that the combustion with oxygenated fuels were much faster than that of conventional diesel fuel. This was mainly due to the oxygen content in the fuel molecular structure and the low volatility of the oxygenated fuels. The lower volatile oxygenated fuel evaporated earlier and very good air-fuel mixing was achieved during combustion eventually resulted in lower exhaust emissions.

Key words: Diesel Engine, Alternative Fuel, Oxygenated Fuel, Diesel Combustion And Exhaust,Emission.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-03

PROSPECTS OF BIOMASS GASIFICATION AS AN ENERGY
SOURCE IN BANGLADESH

M. Mahadi Hasan, N. N Mustafi and M. Abul Hashem
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engg. and Tech., Rajshahi, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

Biomass gasification is quite new in Bangladesh and may be considered as a promising technology for the useful conversion of waste biomass. The fuel gas produced by gasification can run engines and thus generate electricity. In the present work, literature survey is performed to compare the available proven gasification technologies around the globe in terms of biomass quality and quantity, system complexities and capacity, and economic factors. The outcome of this study would identify a suitable gasification technology for Bangladesh. To explore the full potentials of biomass gasification, necessary data on biomass availability and quality is discussed. A case study is incorporated which applies biomass gasification technology in Bangladesh, to generate power from rice husk. This will provide a practical impression on the successful use of this technology in this country. Finally useful conclusions and possible recommendations are made in favor of adopting this technology in Bangladesh’s perspective.

Keywords: Biomass, Gasification, Power generation.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-02

NATURAL CONVECTION AND RADIATION IN CIRCULAR AND
ARC CAVITY

Naheed Ferdous1, Md. Tofiqul Islam 2, Md. A. Hasan Mamun1
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology,
Dhaka, Bangladesh.
2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA

ABSTRACT

The radiation effect of gray surfaces on multiple steady-state solutions obtained in circular and arc-square inclined enclosure filled with air has been investigated numerically, by a finite volume procedure. The left and right surfaces of the cavity are, respectively, heated and cooled at constant temperatures, while its horizontal walls are adiabatic. Parameters of the problem are the Rayleigh number Ra(102 > Ra >106), the inclination angle γ (0 to 90◦), aspect ratio equal to 1 and the surface emissivity (0 <ε< 1).

Keywords: Constant Temperature, Circular And Arc Cavity, Nusselt Number, Radiation

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-TH-01

EFFECTS OF EGR & MAGNETIC FUEL TREATMENT
SYSTEM ON ENGINE EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS
IN A BIO FUEL ENGINE

P. Govindasamy1 and S. Dhandapani2
1Department of Mech. Engg., Kongu Engg. College, Perundurai, Tamilnadu, India
2 Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India

ABSTRACT

The depletion of fossil fuels and the increase in the emission levels has caused a concern globally. An Eco-friendly alternate was required to fulfill the growing demand. Bio fuels have proved to be the best alternative. The overall performance and emission tests have given good results except for the NOX component of the emission. This experimental work focuses on the reduction of this component to a great extent with the implementation of techniques called Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Magnetic Fuel Treatment system

Keywords: Alternative Fuel, Magnetization, Engine, Emission.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26-28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-KEY-04

REVIEW AND SOME RESEARCH RESULTS ON
JET FLOW CHARACTERISTICS

M. A. T. Ali
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

Jet is a common flow situation occurred both in nature and in engineering installations. It is also a simple flow to study and to understand the basic characteristics of flow, particularly its mixing process. In this paper review of some of the works on jet flow is presented and some research findings on the effect of different flow conditions like upstream flow excitation, wedge shape nozzle exit, vertical flange at the nozzle discharge, spline shape nozzle surface, upstream swirl and coaxial jets, without and with trip ring excitation are discussed. In all the cases measurements were taken in the Reynolds number range Rd = 2 x 104 to 1 x 105. For each case axial mean velocity and static pressure were measured by pitot-static probe and axial turbulence intensity by constant temperature hot-wire anemometer. For the jets in general, the mean static pressure within the potential core was positive and that in the mixing region was negative. The decay of centerline mean velocity was maximum at the preferred mode of excitation and was minimum at the suppression mode. Near the exit, the streamwise mean velocity profiles were saddle shaped which disappeared at the end of the potential core. Turbulence intensity was enhanced in presence of vertical flange, wedge shape exit and splined nozzle surface. The central line turbulence intensity decreased due to the presence of vertical flange and wedge angle. But for upstream excitation the center line turbulence intensity increased with increase of excitation
frequency, reached its maximum value at Std = 0.58 and with further increase of excitation frequency it started to decrease and reached its minimum value at Std = 1.8. In the case of helical swirling jet, there was no existence of potential core due to intense mixing which was completed within two diameter down-stream from the nozzle exit. In the case of coaxial jets two distinct mixing zones, one between the central jet and inner boundary of the annular jet and the other between the outer boundary of the annular jet and the surrounding air, existed in coaxial jets. Potential cores of these jets were longer (6d) than that of the single jet (5d). After nine diameters downstream the two jets merged together and behaved like a single jet for the area ratio 3.57 but this value increased with the increase of area ratio. For trip ring excited coaxial jets the effect of inner trip ring excitation in mixing two jets was more prominent than the outer one.

Keywords: Preferred Mode, Suppression Mode, Trip Ring.

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Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009
(ICME2009) 26-28 December 2009, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ICME09-KEY-03

TRANSONIC TONES AND EXCESS BROADBAND
NOISE IN OVEREXPANDED SUPERSONIC JETS

K. B. M. Q. Zaman
NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA

ABSTRACT

Noise characteristics of convergent-divergent (C-D) nozzles in the overexpanded regime are the focus of this paper. The flow regime is encountered during takeoff and landing of certain airplanes and also with rocket nozzles in launch-pad environment. Experimental results from laboratory-scale single nozzles are discussed. The flow often undergoes a resonance accompanied by emission of tones (referred to as ‘transonic’ tones). The phenomenon is different from the well-known screech tones. Unlike screech, the frequency increases with increasing supply pressure. There is a staging behavior – odd harmonic stages occur at lower pressures while the fundamental occurs in a range of relatively higher pressures. A striking feature is that tripping of the nozzle’s internal boundary layer tends to suppress the resonance. However, even in the absence of tones the broadband levels are found to be high. That is, relative to a convergent case and at same pressure ratio, the C-D nozzles are found to be noisier, often by more than 10dB. This excess broadband noise (referred to as ‘EBBN’) is further explored. Its characteristics are found to be different from the well-known broadband shock-associated noise (‘BBSN’). For example, while the frequency of the BBSN peak varies with observation angle no such variation is noted with EBBN. The mechanisms of the transonic tone and the EBBN are not completely understood yet. They appear to be due to unsteady shock motion inside the nozzle. The shock drives the flow downstream like a vibrating diaphragm, and resonance takes place similarly as with acoustic resonance of a conical section having one end closed and the other end open. When the boundary layer is tripped, apparently a breakdown of azimuthal coherence suppresses the resonance. However, there is still unsteady shock motion albeit with superimposed randomness. Such random motion of the internal shock and its interaction with the separated boundary layer produces the EBBN.

Keywords: Transonic Tones, Supersonic Jet, Broadband Noise.

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